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Jara's mother raised him and his siblings, and insisted that they get a good education. His relationship with his wife deteriorated, and he left the family to look for work when Víctor was still a child. He took to drinking and became increasingly violent. His father could not support the family on his earnings as a peasant at the Ruiz-Tagle estate, nor was he able to find stable work. By the age of 6, Jara was already working on the land. His father was illiterate and encouraged his children to work from an early age to help the family survive, rather than attend school. Víctor Jara was born in 1932 in San Ignacio, near Chillán, to two farmers, Manuel Jara and Amanda Martínez. In July 2018, eight retired Chilean military officers were sentenced to 18 years and a day in prison for Jara's murder. In June 2016, a Florida jury found former Chilean Army officer Pedro Barrientos liable for Jara's murder. The contrast between the themes of his songs-which focused on love, peace, and social justice-and the brutal way in which he was murdered transformed Jara into a 'potent symbol of struggle for human rights and justice' for those killed during the Pinochet regime. He was tortured during interrogations and ultimately shot dead, and his body was thrown out on the street of a shantytown in Santiago. Jara was arrested shortly after the Chilean coup of 11 September 1973, which overthrew Allende. This led to an uprising of new sounds in popular music during the administration of President Salvador Allende. He also played a pivotal role among neo-folkloric musicians who established the Nueva Canción Chilena (New Chilean Song) movement. He developed Chilean theater by directing a broad array of works, ranging from locally produced plays to world classics, as well as the experimental work of playwrights such as Ann Jellicoe. Víctor Lidio Jara Martínez ( Spanish pronunciation: 28 September 1932 – 16 September 1973) was a Chilean teacher, theater director, poet, singer-songwriter and political activist tortured and killed during the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet. Inti-Illimani, Patricio Manns, Ángel Parra, Isabel Parra, Sergio Ortega, Pablo Neruda, Daniel Viglietti, Atahualpa Yupanqui, Joan Baez, Dean Reed, Silvio Rodríguez, Holly Near, Cornelis Vreeswijk Violeta Parra, Patricio Castillo, Quilapayún, Singer/songwriter, poet, theatre director, academic, social activist This article uses Spanish naming customs: the first or paternal family name is Jara and the second or maternal family name is Martínez.